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The “monarch-oriented” or “resolute person-oriented”: Two cues in Confucius’ political thinking
Author: Song Huayu
Source: “Confucius Research” Issue 5, 2023
Abstract: There are two cues in Confucius’ political thinking. The ideological line of “from the world” and “righteous name” that has attracted the attention of the academic community is followed by the tradition of the ranks of honor during the tyranny of the ages, and is not a single maintenance of the monarch’s centralization. The ideological thread of “small state corrects people’s politics” relies on the politics of the county magistrates that appeared at the end of the age. It is a political situation that the righteous people have taken political responsibility at the bottom to realize. To resolve differences with Confucius’ traditional belief in maintaining the “monarch-oriented politics”, these two lines of thinking are both “correct person-oriented”. They constitute an important part of Confucius’ political thought. The idea of ”small country corrects people’s politics” among them is a particularly worthy aspect in Confucius’ political thinking.
Keywords: Confucius; “From Zhou”; “Correction of Names”; Small Country Corrects Politics
Author Introduction: Song Huayu, a lecturer at the Shandong Master Fan Dafa Academy of Sciences History and Civilization. The purpose of the important discussion is to contemplate history of China. Jinan 250014;
1. Propose of problems
The academic community has had a lot of results in the past, and has formed a variety of research and development paths such as education, history, and politics. The coordination characteristics of these paths are to pay attention to Confucius’s ideological orientation of protecting the monarchy and yearning for “large-one” politics. Traditional Chinese studies are in this way, influenced by the central political form of centralized power, scholars in the imperial era mostly regarded Confucius as national legislators and regarded maintaining the political authority of the monarch as the unprofitable theme of Confucius’ political studies. After the 20th century modern academic research, although the sacred position of Confucian classics was broken, the view that maintains the order of large-scale national governance as the focus of Confucius’ political thinking still dominated. For example, the “History of Chinese Political Thoughts” by Mr. Xu, the chief teacher of the Communist Party of China, is a model work that sorts out the Chinese political thinking structure in the form of political science. The book believes that “from Zhou” is the origin of Confucius’ political thoughts and “correcting the name” is the specific initiative of Confucius’ implementation of Zhou’s politics. [1] Among the Marxist ideology students, Kuang Yaming, Cai Shangsi and other teachers all placed loyalty to the emperor and the king and restoration of Zhou Rong in an important position in Confucius’ political thinking. [2] The discussions on Confucius’ academic statements since modern times have not been completely resolved. The above represents the ordinary understanding of Confucius’ political thoughts in the academic community. A political provocateur who yearns for the centralized politics of power and advocates respecting the king and monarch, which can be called “monarch-oriented”. It seems that it is no longer possible to use this as the main thread in Confucius’ political thinking.The fact of conflict. However, various schools of thought have questions about looking for discussion from Confucian classics other than “Theory”. For example, in the classical academic world, modern literary scholars used “Year” as Confucius and regarded Confucius as “Su King”, which was important to describe Confucius’s political meaning of “big and treasure” based on “Gongyang Baoqing华”; although the ancient literary school did not regard Confucius as Su King, but sought to the sages and ancestors to consider it, they also regarded the reasons for the order of the rule of the kingdom in books such as “Zhou Rong” and “Mao Feng” as the original ones. Although modern scholars have downplayed the sacredness of the original Confucian classics, they will still discuss Confucius’ political theory in conjunction with the words “Confucius’s “Year”” passed down in the war era. When analyzing Confucius’ political thinking, scholars learn about other classics. Because the content of “Theory” is less, and the thinking presented by the linguistic emotions is not very systematic, there is a lack of political management structure to support grand views. As for articles such as “Gongyang” and “Zhou Rong”, they may focus on rational development, or be longer than manual design, Long-term maintenance can clearly add to the above shortcomings of “Theory”. It is not entirely impossible to discuss Confucius’ thoughts through the original texts of late Confucianism other than “The Book of Songs”, but if these texts are used as the main data, it is not difficult to lose the roots and follow the ends. Put “The Book of Songs” at the attachment of other texts, thereby deviating from the real face of thinking history. When reflecting on the study of traditional studies, Mr. Zhou Yu once said: “When discussing Confucius, if you want to study historical materials that are more reliable tomorrow, as long as “Theory”, it can be said that except for “Theory”, there are other problems, and you must carefully review them.” [3] Modern academic research should have a clear starting point, and Mr. Zhou’s explanation of Confucius’ thinking discussion is worthy of attention.
Review the text of “Speech” and you will find that the content of “monarch-oriented politics” is not largely reflected in the text of Confucius. Confucius applied that the important thing in national political management is to answer questions from high-level political practitioners and rarely proactively preach; while Confucius, who accounted for a more common part of “Speech”, most of the conversations with his students about management issues did not focus on top politics, but focused on the management of the bottom-level small states. Influenced by academic traditions and past arguments, when students deal with these two cues in Confucius’ political thoughts, they often put the management system of small states in the kingdom management. For example, in the “General History of Chinese Thoughts” co-authored by teachers such as Hou Waijun, Zhao Bin, and Du Guoxin, rejuvenation and acceptance of fair cooperation between national participation in national affairs are the main thread of Confucius’ political discussion. [4] “National Level” is a concept that is opposite to “National Level”. Forefathers have observed the rise of the bottom-level political force (School Level) at the end of the age, but the focus of national level in politics is still on the “national affairs” level.The extension of the monarch’s theory. In recent research in the academic community, Mr. Liang Bin-chief pointed out that the most basic foundation of late Confucian political thinking is not “the supreme king’s authority”, which leads to the relationship between ordinary people, scholars and monarchs. [5] Mr. Yan Shi’an gave Confucius’ “Resolute Man” The combination of learning and political management ideas has initially restored the bottom-level responsibility of the political affairs of small states in Confucius’ political thinking. The society he reminded was still thinking, and the program began to be recorded again. The relationship between the division of the Jiabao layer and the political responsibility of the Zheng people is particularly It is a thread worth noting. [6] To follow this thread, Confucius’ historical thoughts on the management of the basic small state are worth evaluating from the head. This article is published from the text of “The Book of Songs”, sorting out these two threads in Confucius’ political thinking, exploring the historical situation and relationships arising from the two, and putting forward a new understanding of Confucius’ political thinking.
2. “From Zhou” and “Realize Name” are the original Confucius in “The Book of Songs” In this article, the chief teacher of the government will regard this as the focus of Confucius’ political thinking, which is comprehensive and represents the common understanding of ancient and modern academic circles. What this article needs to analyze is whether the “Zhou” that Confucius “from” can be the prosperous Western Zhou Dynasty in the minds of later generations; Can the “name” of “right” understand how to respect the monarchy in a single place? This seems not a problem in the past academic circles, but after the fierce social changes in the war world, by the imperial era, the social nature has undergone a grand change. Later generations understand Confucius’ thoughts However, there is a great TC:
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